Diseases and Disorders that Associated with Osteoporosis
Many diseases and disorders have been associated with osteoporosis. For some people, the underlying mechanism of bone metabolism directly, while for others the reasons are multiple, or unknown.
- Under normal circumstances, fixed leads to bone loss (hereinafter the ‘Use it or lose’ rule). For example, localization may occur after osteoporosis fractures of the long-term fixed limb in a cast. It is also more common with high bone turnover in patients with a positive ratio (for example, athletes). Other examples include bone loss in space flight, or in people who are bedridden or wheelchair-bound for various reasons.
- Hypogonadal states can cause secondary osteoporosis. These include Turner’s syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, Kallmann syndrome, anorexia nervosa, male menopause, hypothalamic amenorrhea or hyperprolactinemia. In women, the effect of gonadal function is mediated by estrogen deficiency. It appeared early menopause ( “45 years old), pre-menopausal or long-term amenorrhea (” 1 year). A bilateral oophorectomy (removal of ovaries) or premature ovarian failure because the lack of estrogen production. In men, testosterone is the lack of reasons (such as after menopause or the removal of the testicles).
- Endocrine disorders, can cause bone loss include Cushing’s syndrome, hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2, acromegaly and adrenal insufficiency. During pregnancy and lactation, it may be reversible bone loss.
- Malnutrition, parenteral nutrition, and malabsorption can lead to osteoporosis. Nutrition and gastrointestinal disease, prone to osteoporosis, including celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, lactose intolerance, surgery (resection, intestinal bypass surgery or small bowel resection) and severe liver disease (especially primary biliary cirrhosis). Patients with bulimia may also develop osteoporosis. Those who could have adequate intake of calcium can develop osteoporosis, the inability to absorb calcium and / or vitamin D and other micro-nutrients, such as a lack of vitamin K or vitamin B12 may also contribute.
- Rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, systemic lupus erythematosus and juvenile idiopathic arthritis joint at increased risk of osteoporosis, either as part of their disease or because of other risk factors (especially corticosteroid therapy).Systemic diseases, such as amyloid and sarcoidosis can also lead to osteoporosis.
- Renal insufficiency may lead to bone disease.
- Blood system diseases and osteoporosis, and other multiple myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy, lymphoma, leukemia, mastocytosis, hemophilia, sickle cell disease and thalassemia.
- Several genetic diseases are related to osteoporosis. These include osteogenesis imperfecta, Marfan syndrome, hemochromatosis, hypophosphatasia, glycogen storage disease, homocystinuria, Ehlers – Danlos syndrome, porphyria, gate g’s Comprehensive disorder, Epidermolysis Bullosa, and Gaucher’s disease.
- For unknown reasons, people with scoliosis have a higher risk of osteoporosis. Bone loss may be characterized by a complex regional pain syndrome. This is people are more frequent Parkinson’s disease and chronic obstructive lung disease.
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